Counting photons: from the instruments to the applications
نویسنده
چکیده
This lectures deals with photon counting in the framework of biophotonic measurements, that are usually characterized by very low count rates. First, photon counting is introduced from an experimental point of view. Then, the main equations of statistics of photon counts are derived, and their consequences in terms of so-called photon or shot noise are discussed. The moment-analysis is introduced as an elegant method to determine both molecular brightness and number of molecule in the case of a fuctuating fluorescent sample. Then, the principle of time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is given. Finally, the technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is detailed, which allows to quantify temporally the fluctuations of a fluorescence signal. The expressions for free diffusion are derived.
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